The waterproofing of the floor screed must be done primarily to prevent financial losses as a result of emergency situations when there is flooding of the lower floor due to the fault of the owners of the apartment. In addition, such protection of the base allows to increase the sound insulation and heat insulation characteristics, as well as to extend the service life of the floor covering.
Types of waterproofing
Modern industry provides a lot of materials with which you can organize high-quality waterproofing under the screed in the apartment and country house. A wide selection makes it possible to purchase materials of different price segments, and the ease of installation of some types of waterproofing allows it to be laid even for beginners in construction.
Materials for the organization of waterproofing are divided into the following groups:
- Roll. The most common products are divided into: gluing (which must be glued to the base); surfaced (laying of such material is carried out when exposed to high temperatures); polymer (this material combines an adhesive base and the need for temperature exposure). A common plastic film also belongs to this segment.
- Liquid. These include various viscous materials on a bitumen basis, which are applied to the base with a roller or brush.
- Primers. Using deep penetration primers, it is possible to effectively treat the surface of the screed, giving it waterproofing properties.
- Plaster mixes. Dry mixes with a high proportion of polymers, which must be prepared in a certain way and applied to the surface of the screed as a regular putty.
Mastic
Waterproofing mastics include liquid materials, which are based on:
- bitumen;
- rubber;
- various types of polymers.
Before applying the mastic, the concrete surface of the floor and walls (to a height of 200 mm) is treated with a primer. It is recommended to choose a primer of the same brand as the liquid for waterproofing. To apply the primer, use a roller or a wide brush; for processing hard-to-reach spots, use a brush 100 mm wide. The drying time of the soil is two hours.
To apply mastic, use a brush 200 mm wide, a roller or a wide spatula. The first layer is applied from the window along the room. Subsequent layers perpendicular to the previous one. Before applying the next layer, you must wait 3-4 hours, the number of layers can reach 4-5. The final drying of the mastic occurs within 48 hours.
Mastic used as a waterproofing, very effectively copes with its task, while it is easy to apply, it has a long life and is environmentally friendly. The negative aspects include the instability of the protective coating during temperature changes and vibration.
The following brands are considered the most popular waterproofing mastics:
- “Flachendicht”, worth 1250 rubles per 5 kg bucket;
- bitumen mastic of any manufacturers, the average cost is 350 rubles per 20 kg bucket;
- rubber mastic of any manufacturers, the average cost is 1250 rubles per 20 kg bucket.
Roll
As waterproofing roll materials, products based on:
- fiberglass;
- fiberglass;
- polyester substances;
- polyethylene;
- foil;
- bitumen;
- rubber.
Currently, materials based on several binders have become more popular.
Before laying rolled materials for waterproofing, carefully prepare the floor surface:
- remove all debris and dust;
- cracks and chips are sealed with cement-sand mortar;
- cut or remove all metal objects that go beyond the level of the base (nails, screws, fittings);
- treat the surface with a bitumen primer;
- A damper tape is attached to the walls around the perimeter.
After preparing the surface of the base, they begin to prepare the rolled material. It is cut to size in such a way as to ensure that the strips overlap at least 100 mm in length, and at least 150 mm at the joints of the canvases. In addition, it is necessary to provide for the entry of material on the walls to a height of 150 mm.
The material must lie down for 24 hours, so that when laying it is not necessary to stretch and smooth the strips.
Before laying gluing materials on a concrete base, bituminous mastic is applied in two layers, with a thickness of each layer of 1 mm. After 4 hours of drying the mastic, proceed to the sticker of the roll material.
The sheets are glued with an overlap with obligatory sizing of the joint. After complete gluing of the surface in one layer, the waterproofing must be checked by tapping the surface. If voids are found under the material, an incision is made in this place, the void is filled with mastic, the material is again glued, and then a patch is glued that covers the problem area by 100 mm from all sides.
The next layer is glued so that the longitudinal joints of the lower canvases are in the middle of the upper web. When installing rolled products using surfaced technology, surface preparation and material preparation is performed in the same way as in the case of gluing waterproofing.
The laying of the deposited product is carried out using a burner. The rolled strips are rolled up again, then, heating the inner surface until the marking layer disappears, they begin to attach the material to the base, pressing the hot adhesive surface to the concrete.
After laying the strip, it is necessary to roll it with a rigid roller in order to remove residual air and ensure strong adhesion with concrete. The next strip is overlapped with overlapping 100 mm of the adjacent strip. This method cannot be used for the treatment of wooden structures due to the increased fire hazard of the work.
The most popular waterproofing roll materials include the following grades:
- "Uniflex", costing 1200 rubles per 10 sq.m .;
- "Gidroizol", worth 400 rubles per 9 sq.m .;
- roofing material of any manufacturers, the average cost is 450 rubles per 15 sq.m.
Stucco mixes
The basis of plaster compositions, which are used as waterproofing of any hard surfaces (concrete, brick, gypsum), include traditional cement, sand and special polymer additives. These compositions retain their properties at temperatures from -50 to +70 C.
The dry mixture is diluted with water to the consistency of sour cream and put with a spatula on the surface of the base along the length of the room, with a thickness of not more than 2 mm. The first layer dries in 20 minutes, after which the next layer is applied, perpendicular to the first. If necessary, make up to four layers of plaster, observing a change in the direction of smoothing.
After 14 days, the drying process of the waterproofing ends and you can begin to do other work, but in the drying process you have to periodically moisten the surface.
The following brands are considered the most popular waterproofing screeds:
- "Aquastop - Perfecta", worth 650 rubles per bag of 20 kg;
- "VodoStop SHLIMS", costing 850 rubles per bag of 20 kg.
Penetrating Primers
The task of penetrating compositions is to change the structure of the concrete base, which allows to achieve a waterproofing effect. The penetration of special liquids into the porous surface ensures the filling of any microcracks with an adhesive composition, forming a water-impermeable film. The penetration depth reaches 0.5 mm.
There are two types of penetrating primers: ready-to-use liquids and dry mixes that must be diluted to working condition.
Before waterproofing with penetrating compounds, it is necessary to moisten the surface of the base well, then wait 3-4 hours and moisten the surface again immediately before applying the composition.
Dry mixtures are diluted in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations; it is recommended to shake liquid formulations several times before use. Apply the waterproofing liquid with a roller or brush in series, first the first layer, then, after the gap specified in the instructions for the composition, the second.
After applying the composition, the surface is covered with polyethylene and left for 14 days. During the drying of the composition, it is necessary to periodically moisten the surface of the concrete base. After complete drying, the impregnation must be treated with the composition of the joints of the floor with the wall at a height of 200 mm.
The most popular brands of penetrating waterproofing include:
- Penetron, the cost of about 3,000 rubles per 25 liter packaging;
- "Pronitrate", the cost of 1200 rubles per 5 kg;
- "Kema" dry waterproofing mixture, the cost of 2250 rubles per bag of 25 kg.
Waterproofing made of these materials has an almost infinite service life, copes with mechanical stress, can independently eliminate small cracks that occur during the operation of the surface.
The disadvantages include: high cost, the inability to process low-grade concrete, brick and gypsum substrates, the lengthy process of forming a protective film.
Based on the positive and negative properties of penetrating compositions, it can be concluded that industrial buildings and structures are the best option for using this material.
The nuances of waterproofing in the apartment and in the house
To ensure waterproofing screeds in a city apartment, it is permissible to use any type of waterproofing, with the exception of the premises located on the first and last floors.
For apartments located on the ground floor, it is desirable to perform double waterproofing, for example, the base is initially treated with a deep penetration primer, and then roll materials (glued or surfaced) are used.
According to the same principle, waterproofing of rooms on the top floor is performed. To reliably protect the floor from leaking, it is necessary to first waterproof the floor before the screed, for this roll materials are best suited. After pouring the base, the floor is waterproofed after the screed, in this case, coating materials (waterproofing mastic) are suitable.
There are features of the waterproofing device in country houses. In rooms where there are no basements, when installing floors, it is recommended to initially prepare a pillow of bulk materials (usually sand or gravel), after which rolled waterproofing is laid and the screed is poured. This method of installing floors allows you to avoid excessive humidity and keep warm in the house.