The presence of a waterproofing layer allows you to protect the room from moisture from the neighbors from below and prevent water from entering them in case of an emergency. This is an important technical issue that will exclude possible unpleasant situations during the operation of housing.
Requirements for a waterproofing device in the bathroom
There are certain conditions for the proper installation of the waterproofing layer in the toilet and bathroom:
- insulation material must be laid under the leveling cement screed;
- if a layer of cement mortar was laid without waterproofing, it is allowed to install it under a tiled floor;
- the insulation is laid on the floor slab in a continuous layer with a lap on the walls of 25-30 cm;
- for the installation of the protective layer, it is not recommended to use bitumen or liquid rubber, since these materials impair the adhesion of the coatings to the floor slab.
The choice of waterproofing technology depends on the material of the floor.
Types of waterproofing the floor in the bathroom
How to make waterproofing the floor in the bathroom with your own hands? By the method of laying and applying it can be classified into 4 large groups:
- rolled;
- penetrating;
- plastering;
- smear.
In turn, the rolled materials are divided into gluing, surfacing and flooring.
Roll waterproofing
The first roll waterproofing materials were made on the basis of paper or paperboard impregnated with bitumen. Today, the number of variations has increased due to the use of polymers and new impregnations. They are often used for waterproofing a bathroom under a tile.
The classic paper-based roll insulation is roofing felt, ruberoid and glassine. The main advantage in the low price, the disadvantage in the relatively short life. For this reason, their production has declined significantly in recent years.
More modern materials are fiberglass and fiberglass with double-sided application of bitumen or polymer layer. Fiberglass is cheaper, but has less strength than a glass fiber cloth. Both of these materials are stronger and more durable than cardboard and paper. The main disadvantage is the possible detachment of bitumen from the surface due to insufficient adhesion.
Plastic properties polyester make it the best insulation in new buildings, where during the first few years the building can shrink, which will violate the integrity of the waterproofing layer. In addition, the material has good strength and breaks only when tensile to break up to 30-35%.
Polymer membranes have the ability to pass moisture in only one direction. For the bathroom they can be used limitedly, as they will not stop moisture from the neighbors from below or let water down in an emergency. The best option for sharing with other material.
Polyethylene film without additional coatings in itself is a good waterproofing material. For these purposes, technical brands having a large thickness are used. It is very effective for wooden floors and floors, but it can not be used under a warm floor.
Metal foilcoated with bitumen, tar or liquid rubber, can be used as a substrate for a laminate. However, such flooring is rarely used in bathrooms.
Penetrating waterproofing
The installation of a waterproofing layer of penetrating compositions is based on the ability of concrete and cement mortars to absorb moisture. In this case, the chemically active substances impregnate the top layer of the screed and react with ions of calcium, aluminum and other substances that make up the cement. The maximum thickness of the waterproofing layer can be more than 100 mm.
A continuous blocking layer becomes an effective barrier to the penetration of moisture in any direction. At the same time, penetrating waterproofing will remain effective throughout the life of the concrete building structure or cement screed.
Stucco mixes
Waterproofing plaster mixes are prepared from sand and cement with the addition of water glass (silicate glue). A more effective supplement is the Ceresit brand. It contains alumina emulsion, oleic acid, lime and ocher.
For easier application of the stucco mortar, plasticizers can be added to the surface in the waterproofing mixture. Plaster mixes cannot be used in case of possible shrinkage of the building, as well as in conditions of increased weight loads or vibrations. Therefore, when installing the washing machine in the bathroom, it is better to refuse the plaster.
Lubricants
The number of modern coating waterproofing materials includes such mastics as:
- bitumen;
- bitumen-added polymers;
- cement-added polymers;
- water glass (silicates);
- polyurethane;
- liquid rubber.
Mastic is applied in a continuous uniform layer and effectively covers all cracks and micropores in the screed. A high level of protection is achieved by applying several layers of material.
What waterproofing is better for the bathroom
Each homeowner is trying to find high-quality and cheap material that is easy to stack or assemble on their own. However, in the case of a hydraulic isolation device, it is difficult to find such an option. Therefore, we should briefly consider the advantages and disadvantages of all types of insulation listed above.
Roll materials
The main advantage is the affordable cost and the availability of application for any basis. In addition, it should be noted:
- high elasticity;
- simple installation, not delaying the subsequent stages of work;
- long term of operation;
- possibility of flooring on any surface.
Disadvantages:
- the need for an assistant to perform work;
- preparation of the base for laying is required;
- long installation associated with the need for heat treatment.
Most rolled materials emit a sharp unpleasant odor during processing.
Penetrating waterproofing
Positive traits:
- Strengthening the strength of concrete or cement screed;
- simple do-it-yourself application;
- does not require thorough surface preparation;
- long service life;
- ecological cleanliness.
Negative qualities:
- applied only to concrete or cement screed;
- poorly overlaps the joints between the floor and walls;
- very high cost.
Comfortable and quality materials, but may not be affordable, although this is the best waterproofing the floor in the bathroom under the tile.
Stucco mortar
Positive qualities are:
- simple and convenient application technique;
- can be used on any surface;
- long service life;
- ecological cleanliness.
Negative properties:
- long drying time, stopping subsequent work processes;
- the inability to use in places of alleged shrinkage, vibration and increased weight loads.
As a result, plaster cannot be used in houses near tram lines and the metro, in new buildings, under a washing machine and installed furniture.
If you use a plaster grid, then plaster mortars can be used as waterproofing the wooden floor in the bathroom under the tile.
Lubricants
Advantages of waterproofing coating type:
- lack of seams and joints in the coating;
- high elasticity, eliminating the formation of cracks;
- simple technology for applying mastic;
- good soundproof qualities.
Disadvantages:
- application in several layers;
- service life 10-15 years;
- solvent toxicity;
- poor mechanical strength.
These materials can be recommended for waterproofing a wooden floor in the bathroom under linoleum.
Obviously, the most suitable material will be insulation with optimal indicators of price and quality. Especially if you do not take into account temporary indicators and laboriousness. Among these can be called (not advertising):
- Belarusian impregnation "Kalmatron";
- Ceresit CL 51 mastic;
- the dispersion composition of Knauf Flechendicht;
- KIILTO Fiberpool coating;
- Mastic Plitonit Hydroelast.
If you are not afraid to saturate your apartment with unpleasant odors, then use bituminous mastics, as This is a long proven and reliable option.
The technology of waterproofing in the bathroom
Concrete for applying waterproofing materials is a universal foundation. For this, you can use any materials available on the market. The only feature concerns the use of roll insulation. Under it, it is necessary to perform surface leveling.
Penetrating Compounds
The components that make up the penetrating mixtures are cement, fine sand and chemical additives. The working solution is diluted with water to the state of liquid sour cream. Chemically active additives dissolved in water penetrate the surface. Cement with sand create a dense plaster layer on the surface.
Remove all debris and dust from the surface of the floor slab. Close cracks, seams and other defects. Dampen the concrete well with 9% vinegar and let dry for an hour. After that, liberally wet the surface with clean water so that it is well saturated.
To apply a waterproofing layer, prepare a working solution and mix it thoroughly. Let stand 10 minutes to completely dissolve the active ingredients. Stir the mixture again and apply it to the floor and walls with a brush with a mowl or a foam roller. After setting the first layer, apply the second.
Note that the initial setting of the mixture occurs after 40-45 minutes, so do not do large batches.
The time of complete solidification is about 2 hours and 30 minutes, however, tile laying in the bathroom can be started only after 3-4 days, during which the surface must be thoroughly moistened with water.
Coating coating
Lubricants go on sale in the form of ready-made mastics or dry solutions. Surface preparation consists in cleaning, eliminating defects and priming with a bitumen primer, which can be poured onto the floor and smeared on it with a brush.
The application of the main working mastic is carried out only after the soil has dried.
Initially, the working composition handles all joints, corners and places of passage of utilities in the bathroom.
After that, waterproofing tape is glued to the treated places.
Then the remaining surfaces and those that have already been processed are processed.
The height of the application of mastic on the walls should be at least 20 cm, near showers and washbasins - 50-60 cm.
The total number of applied layers of material is at least 3. The continuation of the following stages of work is possible in a day.